How to reduce water and save yourself from unintended injury
“Going Green” isn’t just a trend—it’s a global wide phenomenon, appealing to many different types of people for many different reasons. It’s good for the health of the environment, it can save money and resources, it promotes efficiency and reduces waste, and it makes us feel good knowing we are doing our part to save the earth for future generations. It is a philosophy, a way of life and in some cases a necessity. Water is one of those necessities.
Because water is so vital to how we live our lives, there is a deep concern about how to preserve and protect the water we use every day for food, bathing, electricity and more. On average the USA uses 408 billion gallons of water per day (National Atlas, USA, 2011). It’s a number that rose steadily until recent years when conservation efforts proved successful in keeping that number level, despite a growing population and an increase in demand, by making the ways we use water more efficient.
Homeowners have been doing their part by turning to more efficient fixtures for their homes and limiting wasteful use. Manufacturers have been doing their part as well offering all sorts of products that use less water, and that do it so well you don’t miss it. Today’s low flow products aren’t just made to use less water; they are designed to function better without it. Consumers don’t have to choose between products that work or products that are eco-friendly—they can have both.
For example, new technologies in how a showerhead creates a stream of water can allow a bather to experience the same intensity of water flow even though there is less actual water in the stream. This is a great thing, but it important to remember that the showerhead is just one part of a larger whole. It is literally an end-cap to a massive system designed to carrier and distribute water. Unintended changes to this system can affect its ability to function correctly and cause unintended failures that can result in serious injury due to what is known as thermal shock.
Thermal shock is when there is a rapid change in water temperature (either hot or cold) that can trigger an automatic response in a bather to escape from the source. This sort of extreme change in temperature is known to make people jump or react in such a way that it creates a high risk of injury from falls or slips, and in the case of hot temperatures it also carries a serious risk of burns. Thermal Shock has been known to cause not only first degree burns in bathers, but second and even third degree burns as well. It is something that occurs when there is an improper balance in pressure inside a water system that cannot properly compensate for the demands of multiple fixtures in the home. (American Society of Sanitary Engineering Scald Awareness Task Group, 2012)
Installing a low-flow showerhead into a building that was designed to work with a product that uses a larger flow of water can create this risk if it is not properly done. This does not mean that that newer more water efficient showerheads shouldn’t be installed in older homes, but it does mean that it is absolutely imperative that the installation is done properly with all the necessary precautions. Low-flow showerheads should never be used with a non-automatic compensating type tub/shower valve. This means making sure that the home uses an automatic compensating valve; one that will not be subject to extreme changes in temperature in the water coming from the showerhead when another fixture in the building, such as a toilet or a dishwasher, is turned on. In addition to making sure it is an automatic compensating valve, it is important to make sure that the maximum flow rate of the showerhead matches or exceeds the minimum flow rate of the shower valve and that both be quoted at the same psi. This way you can be sure that the range of water flow for both the showerhead and the valve are within the same range and will work together properly without the risk of injury. (American Society of Sanitary Engineering Scald Awareness Task Group, 2012)
The balance between the flow rate of the showerhead and the valve it is connected to is the only way to properly ensure the safety of the bather. Attempts to circumvent this by adjusting the thermostat of a water heater carries a high risk and is considered extremely dangerous. Thermostats in water heaters are designed to control the temperature of water coming into the unit and heat it up to the desired setting, but in doing so it can easily reheat the water already inside. It is not uncommon for water coming out of a heater to fluctuate from the set temperature up to 35 degrees warmer putting it into the temperature range capable of producing serious burns within seconds. (American Society of Sanitary Engineering Scald Awareness Task Group, 2012)
Homeowners and the many well-intentioned groups and agencies that are promoting the use of more water-efficient products should make sure they take into account the whole of the plumbing system and how it works together, and beware of focusing on only one part which can lead to unintended consequences and injuries. Going green and conserving water is something that we can all do but we need to make sure that we do it safely so that we protect the current generation as well as the future ones.
Sources:
American Society of Sanitary Engineering Scald Awareness Task Group. (2012, March). Scald Hazards Associated with Low-Flow Showerheads. Retrieved August 2012, from http://www.asse-plumbing.org: http://www.asse-plumbing.org/ScaldHazards.pdf
National Atlas, USA. (2011, January 26). National Atlas of the United States of America. Retrieved August 30, 2012, from http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/water/a_wateruse.html:
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